There are two main types of gyroscopic instruments fixing the meridian plane - gyroscopic compass and course gyroscope.
Devices equipped with a gyroscopic compass have a large cross-section and can be applied only in boreholes with a diameter of at least 190 mm.
The main functions and purpose of the gyroscope:
Measuring the inclination angle and azimuth of the borehole.
Allows to control the drilling trajectory, especially in difficult conditions
Navigation in horizontal and directional drilling.
Helps correct the drilling trajectory, ensuring accurate penetration of the target formation.
Casing position control.
Used to verify that the pipe is correctly positioned in the well.
Detection of deviations from the design trajectory.
Allows to make timely adjustments, avoiding emergency situations.
Where is the gyroscope used?
In directional and horizontal drilling - for precise control of the well trajectory.
When casing wells - to check the correctness of casing string installation.
In geosteering - for real-time control of bit movement.
In engineering surveys - for well condition assessment.
Types of gyroscopic systems:
Gyrocompasses - determine direction relative to true north.
Gyrostabilized systems - used for precise control of the drill string.
Gyroscopic inclinometers - measure the angle of inclination of the well.
Advantages of using a gyroscope:
- Highly accurate measurements for complex drilling operations. - Allows drilling with a high degree of control and minimal deviation. - Does not depend on magnetic disturbances, unlike magnetic inclinometers. - Ensures safety and prevents accidents.